{"id":2164,"date":"2019-12-22T13:40:46","date_gmt":"2019-12-22T06:40:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/?p=2164"},"modified":"2019-12-22T13:40:46","modified_gmt":"2019-12-22T06:40:46","slug":"tim-ra-danh-tinh-kien-truc-su-thiet-ke-thap-nghieng-pisa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/2019\/12\/22\/tim-ra-danh-tinh-kien-truc-su-thiet-ke-thap-nghieng-pisa\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm ra danh t\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Th\u00e1p Nghi\u00eang Pisa"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean Th\u00e1p Nghi\u00eang Pisa sau khi d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef c\u1ed5 kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1.<\/h2>\n
\n

\"T\u00ecm<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Th\u00e1p Nghi\u00eang Pisa n\u1eb1m \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pisa (\u00dd) \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1eadu th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean Th\u00e1p Nghi\u00eang Pisa d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n \u1edf ch\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1838.<\/p>\n

Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pisa h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12 – \u00f4ng Bonanno Pisano. Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc t\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Latinh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Scuola Normale Superiore, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng danh ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Pisa \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 hai d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Bonanno Pisano \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho hay, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, 2 d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Pisa, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Bonanno\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng sau c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Gherardo di Gherardo v\u00e0 Giovani di Simone. Bonanno Pisano c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Giulia Ammannati, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y cho hay: \u201cNh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Latinh d\u00f9ng trong b\u1ea3n kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Bonanno Pisano. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean t\u00f2a th\u00e1p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3\u201d.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, b\u00e0 Giulia Ammannati chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ed5. Theo b\u00e0 Giulia, b\u1edfi t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o t\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Bonanno \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111em v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n t\u00f2a th\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\"T\u00ecmNgo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, \u00f4ng Bonanno c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00e1p Nghi\u00eang Pisa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1173 nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 ra b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a th\u00e1p, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Galileo Galilei \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. T\u00f2a th\u00e1p v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang qua th\u1eddi gian, nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n t\u00f2a th\u00e1p, th\u00eam nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thanh gi\u1eb1ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng 3, th\u00eam c\u1ea3 d\u00e2y c\u00e1p gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 cho t\u00f2a th\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn Pisa, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cCampo dei Miracoli\u201d, t\u1ee9c \u201cC\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u201d.<\/p>\n

Theo ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1eb3n l\u00fac sinh th\u1eddi, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Bonanno Pisano \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 5 n\u0103m sau khi kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1173.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Bonanno \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o h\u00ecnh dung n\u1ed5i gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn du kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb3n \u00f4ng Bonanno \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111em ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cth\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb \u0111em ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y vinh d\u1ef1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c. H\u1eb3n Bonanno \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Giulia Ammannati chia s\u1ebb: \u201cT\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Bonanno h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ean \u00f4ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n sang x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m cho \u0111em ch\u00f4n phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u00edch Ng\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo\u00a0Telegraph\/The Times<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean Th\u00e1p Nghi\u00eang Pisa sau khi d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef c\u1ed5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2165,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"amp_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"class_list":["post-2164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tu-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2164"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2166,"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164\/revisions\/2166"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2164"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaoxunamdien.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=2164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}